Thursday, January 14, 2010

The value of using agents

An agent recently posted a blog entry about how much value can be earned by being represented during a book sale. There's no doubt that a professional negotiator can keep dollars in your checkbook while you arrange a contract with a book company. As good examples, Rachelle Gardner lists e-book payments, frequency of royalty checks, sales threshold for royalties to begin, and size of advance. All, she says in her Why Authors Need Agents posting, provide value in exchange for an agent's cut.

But there is that cut, since everybody gets a piece of the author's efforts when a book is sold to a publisher. 15 percent in most cases, making the average first-time author's $5,000 advance a $4,250 check to deposit. Nobody should quibble over $750 in service to publishing a book. You'd do well to spend that little on an outside professional edit before submitting your work to anybody. Even if you're publishing it yourself.

There's another factor in the formula to consider, and that is the sale itself. Agents are paid sales professionals whose primary function is to interest an acquisition editor in your book. What caliber of publishing company, and what treatment your book gets after signing the contract -- well, these are benefits whose value varies wildly. The first benefit changes all the time in these days as publishing firms scramble to stay profitable and in business. The second benefit shifts according to who remains in the publisher's employ. There's a lot of job shifting going on out there. You can have a good editor and lose her, or get a better replacement who will need to learn your book to be of any help.

Gardner's most salient point is that a writer who has little interest in participating in the publishing business gets to focus on their creative craft when they employ an agent. Again, it's true with a caveat: don't be thinking you're just going back to the keyboard after the sale for revisions from an editor's notes, then onward to the next book. Few publishing deals leave the sales effort up to the force entirely. The force may be with you, young writer, but you must practice its ways in any arrangement.

You can get a turnkey deal. A friend of mine is writing a remarkable book under a very nice contract with a publisher well-known for its adept sales force. She'll do readings, of course, be interviewed and the like. A lot of what she's earning from the book is either already accomplished -- the strength of her work that won the deal -- or expected from the publisher.

Many deals are not as fortunate. We write for many reasons, but an important one is to be paid enough to keep writing, to be an author of several books rather than someone who wrote a book. Most of the time that requires continued effort to promote and interest the world in your stories. A great author Web site, Twitter, and to a lesser degree Facebook, are ways I see writers taking the reins in creating a platform for their voice and their work.

An agent might be able to give advice about this platform work, but you would hope they're working harder on advice about making your manuscript salable, or finding a buyer for your book. Gardner wants us to believe that every standard publishing contract contains benefits from prior work of other agents -- sort of like we're supposed to believe we're indebted to Louis Pasteur when we get an H1N1 vaccination. It's a stretch in science and kind of disingenuous in examining agents' value.

Agents are performing services today that publishers once did. Editing, for example, in the scope of showing a writer how their story could be better, and so sold sooner and at a better price. Publishers with good editors are getting rare. Even my friend's book is mostly bereft of a close relationship with an editor. Considering that the fee for a good edit and the agent's cut of your average advance are similar numbers, the value of being agented seems on par with being edited. A well-written book makes everything richer. Sales specialists spin the threads of your work into the gold of folding cash. But you need to ensure your threads are in their best order to even get a reading from an agent.

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Saturday, August 01, 2009

When a book is finished

I've taken a couple of months away from this blog and the manuscript workshops to complete Viral Times. It's been a process of learning craft and considering workshop responses over more than six years to finish this first novel. (Thanks to all who read this in progress; you'll be in the foreward.) Although it took longer to finish than I expected, it feels delicious to have transformed my creative work from a project into a book.

At the end, in the last gallop to the wire, I used Scrivener on my iMac to make a pack of 51 chapters into a cohesive narrative. I'd been searching long and hard for a piece of software that would take dozens of Word documents (one per chapter) and line them up in my sequence of plot. The most brilliant part of Scrivener is creating what's called scrivenings: an test-run of scenes and sequel to make up a chapter, or a proposed set of chapters to devise a book. Highly recommended, Mac only, but there's a similar tool for Windows in Page Four.

I'm lucky in being able to bull my way to the finish with the Mac and Scrivener. Some of this fortune comes from earning a journalism degree rather than an English degree more than 25 years ago: the journalism pays for things like the 24-inch iMac and provides time to work on the book. I figured, back in 1980, that learning journalism would give me a better chance to earn a living than a proper literature degree. While I had to learn the craft of fiction over the past six years (a education in process), I was at least writing all the while to run a house and a business.

Now I'm in the rather comfy spot for awhile of waiting on an agent's response. A lucky connection with Cameron McClure of the Donald Maas Agency netted a request for 100 pages. Big chunk of a 293-page book, good agency, and an agent who sells stories like this future fiction tale of mine. No promises, but the book is on its way to whatever it will be in the months and years to come.

When is something this large really finished? You never can be sure, and I still think of what could have gone into it, or been cut out. Those things might still happen (and probably will) as the book moves toward publication. But one marker of completion is length. Scrivener helped in an enormous way with this. Few books should be longer than 120,000 words, with the rare exception. Fewer still will sell at under 70,000. Those numbers come from the Maas Agency, where one of the agents posted a great article on book length.

And now that Viral Times has come in at 98,000 words, I can look forward to my manuscript workshops of this fall. By the time we've met for half of the 8 monthly sessions, I'll have read and responded to 100,000 words. I come back to that work renewed and ready after my summer vacation.

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Tuesday, January 13, 2009

Free advice from Lukeman on writing the query

Early on in my writing life, I was sure that the synopsis was the key to earning a publishing deal. But a synopsis of 4 to 16 pages is too long for most agents to read. What these gatekeepers of the publishing world start with is a query letter. It's a business pitch, even if it promotes an artistic product.

If you haven't sent off your query yet, here's the best description of every aspect of how to craft a query letter. Noah Lukeman has three fine books for writers, such as "The First Five Pages: A Writer's Guide to Staying Out of the Rejection Pile." His latest is "A Dash of Style: The Art and Mastery of Punctuation." And as a agent he's read 100,000 query letters. His Amazon Shorts book is a gift back to the writing community, available on Amazon as a free PDF file.

Here's the link to the Amazon page:

<http://www.amazon.com/How-Write-Great-Query-Letter/dp/B00122GU86/ref=pd_ys_shvl_1>

Yes, they ask for credit card data, but the charge is $0.00. It's a digital file, so there's no shipping. Get your free copy today.

I was pretty sure that a query letter was single-spaced. Lukeman confirms this. He also calls the letter a marketing task, but perhaps the only piece of writing you will ever get an agent to read. Marketing can be learned, he says. Easier than artistry, I add.

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Tuesday, December 09, 2008

Ask These Five Questions Before the Query

From Making the Perfect Pitch, edited by Katherine Sands, this is Kristen Auclair's article about five crucial questions to answer before that query letter of yours goes into the mail or e-mail.

1. Is the book polished, error-free and professional?
2. Does the tone of your query letter reflect the tone of your book?
3. Are you sure the agent you're pitching works on this type of project?
4. Do you know your market? (Make comparisons, but not cliched ones, she says.)
5. Are you emphasizing the best aspects of your project?

The best aspect about this helper book is that it's written by a host of publishing professionals, with lots of Sands' writing in between. Auclair is a literary agent at Graybill & English in Washington, DC. She's handled both non-fiction and fiction projects.

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Monday, November 10, 2008

Keep a query professional

Sara MegibowThe Kristen Nelson Literary Agency has a helpful newsletter for the writer who's nearing a query letter date. That's the deadline I'm approaching for Viral Times, once the revisions are finished. One of the agents at the Nelson Agency offered this advice about writing the query.

Advice of this type often tells a writer not to do silly things, like mail chocolates along with a letter. But at least the agency's Sara Megibow (at left) affirms some things you should do in a query to an agent.
  • State that you found our agency through agentquery.com or Preditors and Editors, or aar-online.org, etc.
  • Note that you have looked at our website and have read the submission guidelines
  • Mention any of the books represented by Nelson Agency which you may have read
  • Repeat your contact information right in the body of the query letter (you can hardly ever put your name, title of work and email address in too many places).
These are all things that one might do in a job interview too, and following these guidelines always come across as professional to me.

In order to stay professional, try to avoid these common mistakes:
  • Don’t be overly self-deprecating (i.e. “I know I have no experience and I am sure you don’t have time to read my work, but…”)
  • Don’t be too casual (i.e. “Yo! I love to write and I think my stuff rocks!”)
  • Don’t include religious blessings or quotes in the official query letter (although many people do have these kinds of quotes at the ends of the email as a footer, and that seems fine to me)
  • Don’t be cutesy (we find that fancy fonts or colorful backgrounds do not help the professional tone of the query letter)

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Tuesday, September 16, 2008

Choosing qualified SF markets

Having a book published is a milestone for every author, no matter who does the printing and selling. But not all publishers are equal in the eyes of the professional writing guilds. I started to look into membership in the Science Fiction Writers of America. SFWA is a lot like the other pro writing associations: The Author's Guild, or the Writer's Guild of America (for film). These groups take you in, but only after you're published or produced.

If that sounds like chicken and egg thinking, it might be, until you land your first sale. But not just a sale to anybody, for the SFWA. The group's Web site lists specific publishers which do not qualify a writer to gain entry into SFWA. The list as of this year:
The following markets may not currently be used for membership purposes. If/when any of these are determined to meet the applicable criteria, they will be moved to the list of qualifying markets. No judgment as to the quality of these markets as publishing venues is in any way expressed or implied by their inclusion on this list.

  • American Book Publishing
  • Armitage House
  • Barbour Publishing
  • Creeping Hemlock Press
  • Crossquarter Publishing Group
  • Embiid Publishing
  • Fairwood Press / ElectricStory.com
  • Fictionwise.com
  • Gardenia Press
  • Great Plains Publications
  • Golden Gryphon
  • Gothic.net (for dates after 2/2003)
  • ImaJinn
  • iUniverse
  • Medallion Press
  • Oak Tree Press
  • Oceans of the Mind
  • OnSpec
  • Paradox
  • PublishAmerica
  • Silver Lake Publishing
  • Small Beer Press
  • Spectrum SF
  • Unbelievable Stories (Quill-Pen Press)
  • The Urbanite
  • Vestal Review
  • Wheatland Press (e.g. Polyphony anthology series)
  • Wildside Press
  • Xlibris.com
  • Zumaya Press

There's not much explanation about why these presses don't earn a writer entry into SFWA — but seeing Xlibris and iUniverse among them indicates a bias against the self-publisher or cooperative publisher. (That latter one is a house where you bring money to invest, in addition to your well-polished MS.)

There's even a method to submit a publisher for consideration by the SFWA, to be added to its next "membership-earning" list. Noteable for the Austin-based writer: The SFWA gave its 2008 awards, the coveted Nebulas, at the Omni Hotel here in the spring. A fellow named Michael Chabon walked off with the Novel prize for The Yiddish Policemen's Union, a great SF novel hiding out as an alternative history. Chabon, of course, took the Pulitzer home for The Adventures of Kavalier and Clay.

Why care about SFWA membership, or membership in the Romance Writers of America? This kind of credit gets you extra attention and perhaps a pass upward to the next level at the Kristen Nelson Literary Agency. Probably plenty of other agents, too. Since you need a sold book, or a few sold short stories, this might be a Catch-22 unless you're submitting to the short story markets. The SFWA site has a list of qualifying book publishers, too.

Membership in things like the RWA and SFWA is not a requirement to be considered for this agent. But it's among a list of things to put into a query to the agency. What's more, the list is something to consider when engaging an agent, like "can you get me into a publishing house that's on the SFWA list?" This is the big-time tent, if you're aiming for that.

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Thursday, August 28, 2008

Do I really need that prologue?

Writer's Digest posts a Literary Agents blog with good advice. Today I got an e-mail that expanded the "pet peeves" of five agents.

"Most agents hate prologues. Just make the first chapter relevant and well written."
- Andrea Brown, Andrea Brown Literary Agency

"Slow writing with a lot of description puts me off very quickly. I like a first chapter that moves quickly and draws me in so I'm immediately hooked."
- Andrea Hurst, Andrea Hurst Literary Management

"Avoid any description of the weather."
- Denise Marcil, Denise Marcil Literary Agency

"I don't like it when the main character dies at the end of Chapter 1. Why did I just spend all this time with this character? I feel cheated."
- Cricket Freeman, The August Agency

"A cheesy hook drives me nuts. They say 'Open with a hook!' to grab the reader. That's true, but there's a fine line between an intriguing hook and one that's just silly. An example of a silly hook would be opening with a line of overtly sexual dialogue. Or opening with a hook that's just too convoluted to be truly interesting."
- Daniel Lazar, Writers House

" 'The Weather' is always a problem - the author feels he has to set up the scene and tell us who the characters are, etc. I like starting a story in media res."
- Elizabeth Pomada, Larsen-Pomada Literary Agents

Viral Times has a prologue of 900 words. Does my novel need it? I believe it, which represents another tip of publishing and writing: Follow your voice, especially if you have tried alternatives. For my book, there's too much sweep of character and time and place to get a sense of what's at stake, and the state of the world 20 years from now.

But you can choose for yourself. Making choices is the artist's work, after all. And your joy, if you can embrace the choosing.

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Monday, July 14, 2008

Prologue possibilities

I am taking a good hard stab at a prologue for my novel Viral Times this week. In the process I've discovered how few writing books address the nuances of this pseudo-beginning for a story.

Revision and Self Editing has a two-page section called "The Use and Abuse of Prologues." Good stuff. I found the advice in Manuscript Makeover even more helpful. "Some agents refuse to read manuscripts with prologues," Elizabeth Lyon warns, but the section also explains in significant detail how you can avoid undermining yourself by using a prologue. Also, Beginnings, Middles and Ends has good instruction on the subject.

In summary, a prologue has its mission: Tell parts of the story the reader wants to know before the main story commences. Set a tone with the best language you can craft. Raise questions, too, so readers are motivated to continue.

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Friday, July 04, 2008

When smaller is a bigger start

Out on the Writer's Digest blog, a novelist writes a story about his friendship with an agent. Before long it becomes a career prospect. She finally asks when she can read his work.

He decides to give her an exclusive look as his first attempt to land an agent. Problem? She is new at agenting, in the middle level of a small agency. Crazy, says his friend. Get all the money you can. Good business.

Good advice if your writing is a business at its core. Nothing wrong with building a retirement and healthcare nest egg. But at the start of your career — and it's obvious from the blog that our writing hero is just starting, "defending my MFA" in the spring — smaller can be better. More attention, the start of a beautiful friendship.

A writer friend of mine went to the Writer's League of Texas Agents Conference last month. She pitched in a formal 10-minute session, but her most significant pitch came at breakfast. Casual, while she told the story of her story.

"Is is finished?" asked the agent.

"Finished enough, for now." My friend wants to enter her novel in a few contests first. (Very smart, to stand out in the query letters.)

"Send it to me."

Those magic words, delivered over a personal meeting. If your (fiction) book is done don't wait. Send, if you hear those words. And keep an eye on the potential for a relationship when you send. This is like hiring a doctor or a therapist or an accountant. Someone who can make a difference in the quality of your life, business and writing, too.

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Wednesday, April 30, 2008

Pitch, the primary part of a query

In the movie business, scripts are sold by way of the pitch. This is also a tool for writers in other genres, like creative non-fiction and fiction. The Writer's Digest Guide to Literary Agents offers this advice about the pitch — the most essential part of a query letter. And the advice is pitched with examples of movies.
When you're composing a fiction query for a novel, the pitch will be the most important part of your letter. Typically, the pitch is the second part of the query and involves "hooking" agents by quickly explaining the premise or concept of the story. Here are some tips when composing the pitch:

DO:
  • Do start with a logline if you wish. Give a one-sentence description of the story to present your hook upfront, before getting into some details. "It's a story about three men facing midlife crises who decide to start a fraternity." (Old School)
  • Do focus on the hook. What makes your story different? After all, we're all telling the same basic archetype stories over and over. What makes yours different? Is it Romeo & Juliet except it's a werewolf and a vampire? (That's Underworld.) Is it High Noon set in deep space? (That's Outland.)
  • Do talk about publicity and platform if you are writing nonfiction.
DON'T:
  • Don't let your pitch run wild. Seven sentences is pretty long. Aim for five.
  • Don't spend time on the main characters or tell every character's name. If you can pitch without even saying the name of the antagonist or love interest, it's less confusing.
  • Don't give away the end. Pique; do no more.
  • Don't pitch agents about poetry or magazine articles.
  • Don't use gimmicky stuff such as singing your pitch or presenting your pitch "in character."
  • Don't pitch if the work is unfinished.
  • Don't hand the agent anything. They will request more if interested, and they will give directions on how to send your sample.

GLA also takes apart a query letter that goes wrong on the GLA blog. It's worth a look to see what not to do in a pitch and query. But that next to last DON'T is important. There's no point in a pitch for a novel if the work is unfinished.

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Wednesday, April 09, 2008

Too old to be published?

One of the diligent and professional writers in my manuscript groups shared advice from Writer's Digest about getting published after age 50. Some people don't have the time or resources to turn to a full time career of writing until they get older. WD's advice seemed to run adrift, to me, once I read the article.

Yes, it's good to see Writer's Digest, which makes its living off of giving advice to us writers, is addressing this topic. Some of the advice seems to apply no matter how old the author is making the query, so it's useful — to a point.

But saying you're retired in a query letter is not so far away from being a retired detective, like the successful romance science fiction novelist Linnea Sinclair. She says in a bio on her Web site that she's "a former news reporter and retired private detective." Frankly, that experience from those jobs lends credibility to her writing.

She's won the publishing derby, having published six books at Bantam and eight in all. Not at all shy about leaving another career to be a writer. But it's clear that she works at being a writer, with appearances at conferences and lots of signings.

The other part of the Writer's Digest article that twanged me was the magazine's usual vanguard of "you won't believe how old these writers were on first publication." Here's how it reads:
And if there’s any doubt that older novelists can succeed, keep this in mind. Anna Sewell didn’t sell the classic novel Black Beauty to her publisher until she was 57. Karen Blixen, the Danish author who wrote under the pen name Isak Dinesen, didn’t publish her first book until 50—and her blockbuster, Out of Africa, hit the market when she was 52. Laura Ingalls Wilder, the beloved author of the Little House on the Prairie series, didn’t have her first book published until she was well into her 60s. Richard Adams, author of the children’s classic Watership Down, remained unpublished until he was in his 50s.
All those WD writers published their first books in a different age. WD reminds us that older writers can sometimes overlook the fact that publishing is a business. Well, the work of these four authors succeeded in a very different business era for publishing.

Sewell's Black Beauty published in 1877
Ingalls' Little House published in 1935
Blixen's Out of Africa published in 1937
Adams' Watership Down published in 1972

Ya know, there wasn't even cable TV in 1972, or TV at all during Blixen's and Ingalls' successes. Sewell published her one and only book before there was radio.

Of all the advice from Writer's Digest in the article, being enthusiastic about self-promoting and making it clear you're not a one-shot-wonder seem to make best sense.

Write a good book. That's what matters the most. The agent who's going to represent it best is the one who can get acquisition editors to pick up their phones or answer e-mails. If they want to know how old you are, it's a good sign that it's time to move on, in my opinion.

Acting in Hollywood is a young person's game. Telling a story well and getting behind it seems ageless.

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Tuesday, July 25, 2006

Access to agents

A good friend of mine has polished off his novella and wants to locate an agent for his book. A few published guides will give him a copious list of the modern literary world's gatekeepers and salespeople. (That is what the agent does these days for their pay, after they advise you on how to edit your book into a salable product.) Other online guides can help the writer, searching for a publishing contract producer, weed out the less worthy representatives.

To begin with, the published guides. Writer's Digest, ever-vigilant to overlook no opportunity to school the writer, publishes a WD Guide to Agents. But the tome most often consulted among the writers I know is Jeff Herman's Guide to Book Publishers, Editors and Literary Agents. Either of these books will cost less than the time you'd spend searching online — although you're likely to be doing that, too, once you track down some prospects.

After being the person who sells work much like yours, the second hurdle an agent must cross: integrity. One way to check is to search out an agent's name in the AAR directory. This Association of Authors' Representatives requires an agent to have actually sold some manuscripts before it will accept the agent as a member:
To qualify for membership, the applicant for membership in the literary branch of the AAR must have been the agent principally responsible for executed agreements concerning the grant of publication, translation or performance rights in 10 different literary properties during the 18-month period preceding application.
You can tell by these requirements that an AAR agent is going to be busy. Better a busy agent than one who will just hold your book for months, unable to sell it. But just because an agent isn't an AAR member doesn't mean you should skip them. One bit of advice I gathered suggested otherwise. "If an agent isn't listed there, think twice about the agent. There are very strict rules for getting in AAR."

Maybe too strict. It seems lots of agents at the Writer's League of Texas Agents Conference have no listing in AAR. A quick check of the first one-third of those agents, alphabetically, brought only one AAR listing, for Betsy Amster. Maybe not the definitive way to seek out a representative, unless you're hunting for big game on that novella contract.

A better agent-checking resource, by my reckoning, is Preditors and Editors. It explains that it's possible agents who aren't in their rating system "don't want to be listed with P&E, even though it's free, because P&E dares to give negative recommendations."

The P&E Web site is a good one, with one of the clearest explanations of the need for an agent and how they work. It's frank, too. " Many writers believe they need an agent to sell their book manuscript. Nothing could be farther from the truth." An agent charging a fee before selling your book is a non-starter, according to the service:
Any charge made to the author that is payable prior to the sale of the manuscript to a publisher, however characterized by the agent, is a "fee" and represents inappropriate conduct not in the author's best interest. This clarification is in response to several attempts to evade criticism through semantic changes by questionable agents that do not actually represent any improvement in practices--only in the labels on the bills sent to authors.
At this point, the effort and search is all about business, and offering a product with a platform: potential readers interested in buying the book. Not to be confused with the writing, or being a writer.

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